See fūl on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "foul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "foul"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "fūl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "fuul"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "fûl"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "fūl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "fuul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "vûl"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*fūl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "vuil"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "vuil"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "vuul"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*fūl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "baul"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "faul"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "foyl",
"word": "פֿױל"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vūl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "baul"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "faul"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "foyl",
"word": "פֿױל"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "voul"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "fūl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fūlaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*fūl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fūl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fūlēn"
},
{
"word": "fūlijan"
},
{
"word": "fūliþu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foul, dirty"
],
"id": "en-fūl-gmw-pro-adj-A7ymC81H",
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "fūl"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fūlēn"
},
{
"word": "fūlijan"
},
{
"word": "fūliþu"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "foul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "foul"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "fūl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "fuul"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "fûl"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "fūl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "fuul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "vûl"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*fūl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "vuil"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "vuil"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "vuul"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*fūl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "baul"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "faul"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "foyl",
"word": "פֿױל"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vūl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "baul"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "faul"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "foyl",
"word": "פֿױל"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "voul"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "fūl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fūlaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*fūl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fūl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Hygiene"
],
"glosses": [
"foul, dirty"
],
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "fūl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fūl meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.